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Chemistry PS1 8 Radioactivity/Nuclear Chem

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Project Zero THINKING ROUTINES--see below

Phenomenon

Radioactivity of Brazil Nuts  Atomic Insights

How does the radioactivity arise?

How much of a problem is it?  Give details!

Radioactivity

   Alpha-, beta-, gamma-radiation

   Radioactive decay

   Measuring radioactivity

   Nuclear energy

   Humans and radiation

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HS-PS1-8 Matter and its Interactions
Develop models to illustrate the changes in the composition of the nucleus of the atom and the energy
released during the processes of fission, fusion, and radioactive decay.

Visuals of radioactivity

Vast amounts of energy involved
Performance Expectation
  Grade:  High School (9-12)

Prior Knowledge/Preview
Nuclear science introduction lnl.gov
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Radioactive decay of uranium

Philatelic origin CC0

Aerospace CONNECTIONS:
Applications and examples
Radioactivity in space American Nuclear Society
R/a in space exploration nuclear connect
Applications and examples:
   Atomic clocks
   Nuclear-powered satellites and probes
   Radioisotope thermionic generators

Radiation dose and space exploration p23+ NASA

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Energy.gov PD





Inquiry science
       Printable activity
       On-line activity:
            
Investigating Radioactivity in the Kitchen


LAB activities follow all safety guidelines linked above
and in the activity
Lab #1  Radioactivity background count Washington International School
Lab #2  Radioactive half-life decay simulation Washington International School    
Lab #3  Radioactivity in the home: smoke detector
Lab #4  Isotope activity American Nuclear Soc
Lab #5 Background & other radiation activities P35 NASA
Lab #6 Cloud Chamber activity WIS

      

EXTENSION material for the curious
Gas mantle radioactivity Washington International School
Radioactive Decay as a Measure of Age cK-12
Radioactivity isotope lab with licorice nuclear connect
Fission Versus Fusion DoE
Women in the Manhattan Project DoE
Radiation in Space (free download) National Research Council

THINKING ROUTINE

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Choose one material that is a source of radioactivity that you have seen in your research/investigations so far

:

What do you see--that told you it was radioactive?

What do you think about that?

What does it make you wonder?

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Energy.gov PD

Energy.gov PD

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Energy.gov PD

Energy.gov PD

Energy.gov PD

What each radiation penetrates

Alpha particles are blocked by card or cloth

Beta particles are blocked by 1 cm thick lead

Gamma rays are blocked by 10 ft concrete, >10 cm Pb

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= helium nuclei

= high energy electrons

Geiger counter with detection windows on the movable wand + dial:

mr/hr = millirems per hour

Energy.gov PD

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The working of a smoke detector

It contains americium-241, 241Am, where, when smoke enters the smoke detector chamber, blocks the alpha particle stream and triggers the alarm

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smoke detector -->

Geiger counter reading 0.128 mrem/hour

smoke detector --> and index card

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Index card between the Geiger counter and the smoke detector

Geiger counter reading 0.020 mrem/hour

The index card blocks the alpha particles from the smoke detector

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The pink, white-edged object at the top of the picture is a non-flammable woven fabric impregnated with thorium oxide.  This is used on a camping gas lamp and makes the flame emanate far more light..  The Geiger counter reading is 0.345 mrem/hour.  The thorium is radioactive and decays with alpha emissions. The daughter nuclei formed are also radioactive including radon-222

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Radioactive decay activity.  Complete the table above

With radioactive decay, each radioactive isotope has a specific time for half of the material to decay--this is called the half-life of the element.  The half decays into another element.

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Radioactive decay in carbon-14.  There is the loss of a beta particle (high energy electron) to form nitrogen-14--the half-life of carbon-14 is 5,730 years and, as the ratio of carbon-14 to the other isotopes of carbon changes when a living object/animal dies, the object can be radio-carbon dated.

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